Our pupils dilate in the dark to let more light in, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO). Our eyes then use rods and cones to process that light — rods are sensitive in low light but only see black and white, while cones need bright light to process colors and visual details. In darkness, the AAO says that more rods than cones will be working, so you'll be seeing in mostly black and white.

Many people are also more nearsighted at night, according to the AAO, and objects may not appear as clearly or sharply as they would in daylight. Popular Mechanics notes that the darkness may also diminish your depth perception and peripheral vision. Essentially, all this means that you may have trouble seeing objects and lights at night.

With these physiological factors in mind, there are a few things you can do to make nighttime treks less treacherous. For starters, dim the lights on your dashboard, as Popular Mechanics notes these lights may diminish your night vision. Dim your interior lights so that they are visible but not distracting. And if someone behind you has their high beams on, Popular Mechanics says you should adjust your rearview mirror so that the light is not reflecting directly at your eyes.

It's also important to understand what you're seeing. For example, if you're traveling through a rural area that's packed with deer, raccoons or other wildlife, two small, bright dots may be animal eyes in the distance. Help avoid hitting an animal by looking for reflections of your headlights in its eyes, which should be visible well before you can see the entire animal.

Make sure you're getting your vision checked regularly, too. The American Optometric Association recommends getting your eyes checked every two years if you're 18 to 64 years old and annually after that. The National Safety Council (NSC) also recommends making sure your glasses, if you wear them, are anti-reflective.