For both genders, risk factors for stroke include hypertension, high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and sickle cell disease. Genetics, family history and race or ethnicity can also play a role.

For women, here are some additional risk factors.¹

Pregnancy – The risk of stroke is three times higher in pregnant women than non-pregnant women.
Preeclampsia – This is the term for high blood pressure during pregnancy and can double stroke risk.
Birth control pills – The risk of stroke is doubled in women on the pill, especially those with hypertension.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) – Contrary to previous thinking, HRT might actually increase stroke risk in women.
Migraines and smoking – The ASA says that together these are correlated with an increased stroke risk.
Atrial fibrillation – An irregular heartbeat is associated with a fivefold increase in stroke risk.

Thankfully, many of these risk factors are preventable. By keeping blood pressure in check, not smoking and paying attention to diet and exercise, women can take important steps to preventing stroke.